South Africa’s municipal finances, made public /Read our methodology
Trends & history

One year is a snapshot. History tells a story.

Follow the money, the maintenance and the audit record through time. Read the trajectory alongside the reporting gaps, then trace each figure to its source.

Build your historical viewFinancial years end in June. The year entered is the ending year.

Verified maintenance & assets coverage: 2008/09–2024/25. Individual years and municipalities may have gaps.

Explore full history

Reported uses the available population each year. Consistent keeps only municipalities with the required inputs in every selected year.

Maintenance & assets / All municipality categories

Emfuleni2022/23 2024/25

Download annual CSV

A municipality code through time. Boundary changes, formation and retirement can limit the comparable record. Missing years are shown as gaps; they do not prove that a municipality existed in that year.

Reported cohort: 1 codes selected. Reporting populations can change from year to year; inspect the coverage below.

Paired maintenance ratio · 2024/254,045%Latest selected financial year; unavailable values remain missing
Matched reporting · 2024/251 / 1Required paired inputs / selected codes
Historical reporting policyReportedReported populations may differ between years
Read this view with care
  • National and provincial sums across all categories include overlapping local and district mandates; these are not population-normalised measures.
  • Financial and audit records inform scrutiny but do not establish service quality, corruption or political causation.
Looking after public assets

Maintenance needs a denominator.

Matched repairs & asset base

Nominal ZAR · paired reporting codes
View exact figures
Financial yearMatched repairsMatched asset base
2022/23R 558,8MR 12,2B
2023/24R 743,1MR 11,2B
2024/25R 459,3MR 11,4B

Repairs and the asset base come from the same matched reporting population for each year. The two values differ in scale; the ratio below explains their relationship.

Repairs relative to the matched asset base

Percent · matched annual inputs
View exact figures
Financial yearPaired maintenance ratio
2022/234,573%
2023/246,644%
2024/254,045%

The ratio divides matched repairs by the matched reported asset base. Source anomalies remain visible and are flagged for review. A financial ratio does not measure the condition of an individual road.

The population behind the trend

Reporting coverage, year by year.

Counts show available matched records against selected codes. They are not counts of municipalities known to exist historically. A missing value is never treated as zero.

2022/231 / 1

Matched repairs & asset records

1 source review flags
Reporting gaps

1 reported municipal records trigger source quality checks; arithmetic is retained for review.

2023/241 / 1

Matched repairs & asset records

1 source review flags
Reporting gaps

1 reported municipal records trigger source quality checks; arithmetic is retained for review.

2024/251 / 1

Matched repairs & asset records

1 source review flags
Reporting gaps

1 reported municipal records trigger source quality checks; arithmetic is retained for review.

Annual figures, coverage & exact evidence
Annual historical figures for Emfuleni
Financial yearMatched repairs (ZAR)Matched asset base (ZAR)Paired maintenance ratioMatched / selected codesSource review flagsEvidence
2022/23R 558 792 954,00R 12 218 094 415,004,573%1 / 11
2023/24R 743 099 075,00R 11 183 814 023,006,644%1 / 11
2024/25R 459 269 167,00R 11 354 185 247,004,045%1 / 11
Source mappings & retrieval dates
2022/23 · Repairs and maintenanceExact source evidence

Verified v2 audited repairs by asset/function; all contributing amounts required.

Source retrieved 02 Oct 2026 · capital_v2
2022/23 · Reported asset baseExact source evidence

Verified v2 PPE 0230 plus investment property 0220; both operands required.

Source retrieved 02 Oct 2026 · financial_position_v2
2023/24 · Repairs and maintenanceExact source evidence

Verified v2 audited repairs by asset/function; all contributing amounts required.

Source retrieved 02 Oct 2026 · capital_v2
2023/24 · Reported asset baseExact source evidence

Verified v2 PPE 0230 plus investment property 0220; both operands required.

Source retrieved 02 Oct 2026 · financial_position_v2
2024/25 · Repairs and maintenanceExact source evidence

Verified v2 audited repairs by asset/function; all contributing amounts required.

Source retrieved 02 Oct 2026 · capital_v2
2024/25 · Reported asset baseExact source evidence

Verified v2 PPE 0230 plus investment property 0220; both operands required.

Source retrieved 02 Oct 2026 · financial_position_v2
The interpretation matters

Keep the context
beside the curve.

Amounts are nominal rand, with no inflation adjustment.

Revenue and expenditure totals show independently reported observations; the operating balance percentage uses only municipalities with both operands.

Maintenance is 100 × summed repairs / summed reported asset bases for matched municipalities; a non-positive aggregate denominator has no ratio, not the average of percentages. Cash coverage similarly uses matched cash and expenditure.

Missing rows, missing operands and explicit source nulls remain gaps; a reported zero is retained.

Clean audit means exact opinion code unqualified. Emphasis-of-matter and unfamiliar reported opinion codes remain distinct from clean and from missing.

The consistent cohort is the intersection of topic-reporting municipalities across every selected year.

Current geography is applied to national/provincial history. Historical boundary changes may prevent like-for-like comparison. Archived municipalities can be inspected individually.

Verified legacy 2009–2019 mappings and current v2 mappings from 2023 use separate source item codes. The unverified 2020–2022 transition remains a gap. Legacy revenue includes capital transfers while current revenue excludes them; legacy operating balance percentages are withheld pending verified normalisation. These are reported nominal totals, not identical definitions over time.

Money is nominal ZAR. No inflation adjustment or historical financial resilience rating is calculated in this view.

Source retrieved 07 Oct 2026. Retrieval date and financial reporting period are different.

Read the full methodology