South Africa’s municipal finances, made public /Read our methodology
Trends & history

One year is a snapshot. History tells a story.

Follow the money, the maintenance and the audit record through time. Read the trajectory alongside the reporting gaps, then trace each figure to its source.

Build your historical viewFinancial years end in June. The year entered is the ending year.

Verified audits & accountability coverage: 2010/11–2023/24. Individual years and municipalities may have gaps.

Explore full history

Reported uses the available population each year. Consistent keeps only municipalities with the required inputs in every selected year.

Audits & accountability / All municipality categories

Free State2017/18 2023/24

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Current geography applied to historical records. National and provincial views follow today’s municipality codes. Predecessor codes are excluded, and newer municipalities have gaps before formation. This is not a reconstruction of every historical national boundary.

Reported cohort: 23 codes selected. Reporting populations can change from year to year; inspect the coverage below.

Clean / reported opinions · 2023/240%Latest selected financial year; unavailable values remain missing
Matched reporting · 2023/2423 / 23Source audit opinions / selected codes
Historical reporting policyReportedReported populations may differ between years
Read this view with care
  • National and provincial sums across all categories include overlapping local and district mandates; these are not population-normalised measures.
  • Financial and audit records inform scrutiny but do not establish service quality, corruption or political causation.
The auditor’s record

A history of opinions. With the evidence.

Unqualified - Emphasis of Matter itemsunqualified_emphasis_of_matterQualifiedqualifiedDisclaimer of opiniondisclaimerOutstandingoutstandingNo source opinionSeparate from an outcome

Source opinion counts by year

Counts · selected municipality codes

Missing opinions are shown separately. Exact source codes are retained, including unfamiliar codes. Only the exact source code “unqualified” counts as clean; emphasis-of-matter opinions are distinct.

Clean opinions among reported audits

Percent of reported source opinions
View exact figures
Financial yearClean / reported audit opinions
2017/180%
2018/190%
2019/200%
2020/210%
2021/220%
2022/230%
2023/240%

The denominator is reported source audit opinions, not all selected codes. A year with no source opinions remains a gap, not a zero-percent clean-audit year.

Year by year, municipality by municipality

The source opinion grid.

Open an opinion to view its source audit report where a link is provided. “No record” means an opinion is missing from the preserved evidence; it is not a failed or clean audit.

23 matching municipality records
Audit opinion grid by municipality and financial year. SourcePDF links are available where provided.
Municipality2017/182018/192019/202020/212021/222022/232023/24
DihlabengFS192 · Free StateQualifiedQualifiedQualifiedQualifiedQualifiedOutstandingQualified
Fezile DabiDC20 · Free StateQualifiedDisclaimerQualifiedQualifiedQualifiedQualifiedQualified
KopanongFS162 · Free StateQualifiedOutstandingDisclaimerOutstandingQualifiedQualifiedOutstanding
LejweleputswaDC18 · Free StateEmphasisEmphasisEmphasisEmphasisEmphasisEmphasisEmphasis
LetsemengFS161 · Free StateQualifiedQualifiedQualifiedQualifiedQualifiedQualifiedQualified
MafubeFS205 · Free StateDisclaimerOutstandingQualifiedOutstandingQualifiedOutstandingOutstanding
Maluti-a-PhofungFS194 · Free StateOutstandingOutstandingDisclaimerOutstandingOutstandingOutstandingOutstanding
MangaungMAN · Free StateQualifiedQualifiedEmphasisEmphasisQualifiedQualifiedQualified
MantsopaFS196 · Free StateQualifiedOutstandingQualifiedOutstandingQualifiedQualifiedQualified
MasilonyanaFS181 · Free StateOutstandingOutstandingOutstandingOutstandingDisclaimerDisclaimerOutstanding
MatjhabengFS184 · Free StateQualifiedOutstandingQualifiedQualifiedQualifiedQualifiedOutstanding
MetsimaholoFS204 · Free StateQualifiedQualifiedQualifiedQualifiedQualifiedQualifiedQualified
MohokareFS163 · Free StateQualifiedQualifiedQualifiedOutstandingQualifiedDisclaimerOutstanding
MoqhakaFS201 · Free StateEmphasisQualifiedQualifiedQualifiedEmphasisOutstandingQualified
NalaFS185 · Free StateQualifiedDisclaimerQualifiedOutstandingQualifiedQualifiedQualified
The population behind the trend

Reporting coverage, year by year.

Counts show available matched records against selected codes. They are not counts of municipalities known to exist historically. A missing value is never treated as zero.

2017/1823 / 23

Source audit opinions

2018/1923 / 23

Source audit opinions

1 source review flags
Reporting gaps

1 reported municipal records trigger source quality checks; arithmetic is retained for review.

2019/2023 / 23

Source audit opinions

2020/2123 / 23

Source audit opinions

2021/2223 / 23

Source audit opinions

2022/2323 / 23

Source audit opinions

8 source review flags
Reporting gaps

8 reported municipal records trigger source quality checks; arithmetic is retained for review.

2023/2423 / 23

Source audit opinions

7 source review flags
Reporting gaps

7 reported municipal records trigger source quality checks; arithmetic is retained for review.

Annual figures, coverage & exact evidence
Annual historical figures for Free State
Financial yearClean opinionsClean / reported opinionsNo source opinionMatched / selected codesExact opinion codes & countsSource review flagsEvidence
2017/1800%023 / 23
unqualified_emphasis_of_matter: 3 Unqualified - Emphasis of Matter items
qualified: 15 Qualified
disclaimer: 3 Disclaimer of opinion
outstanding: 2 Outstanding
0
2018/1900%023 / 23
unqualified_emphasis_of_matter: 3 Unqualified - Emphasis of Matter items
qualified: 9 Qualified
disclaimer: 3 Disclaimer of opinion
outstanding: 8 Outstanding
1
2019/2000%023 / 23
unqualified_emphasis_of_matter: 5 Unqualified - Emphasis of Matter items
qualified: 14 Qualified
disclaimer: 3 Disclaimer of opinion
outstanding: 1 Outstanding
0
2020/2100%023 / 23
unqualified_emphasis_of_matter: 6 Unqualified - Emphasis of Matter items
qualified: 8 Qualified
outstanding: 9 Outstanding
0
2021/2200%023 / 23
unqualified_emphasis_of_matter: 7 Unqualified - Emphasis of Matter items
qualified: 12 Qualified
disclaimer: 3 Disclaimer of opinion
outstanding: 1 Outstanding
0
2022/2300%023 / 23
unqualified_emphasis_of_matter: 6 Unqualified - Emphasis of Matter items
qualified: 10 Qualified
disclaimer: 3 Disclaimer of opinion
outstanding: 4 Outstanding
8
2023/2400%023 / 23
unqualified_emphasis_of_matter: 6 Unqualified - Emphasis of Matter items
qualified: 10 Qualified
disclaimer: 1 Disclaimer of opinion
outstanding: 6 Outstanding
7
Source mappings & retrieval dates
2017/18 · Auditor-General opinionsExact source evidence

Exact opinion codes and source report links; unqualified alone denotes clean.

Source retrieved 02 Oct 2026 · audit_opinions
2018/19 · Auditor-General opinionsExact source evidence

Exact opinion codes and source report links; unqualified alone denotes clean.

Source retrieved 02 Oct 2026 · audit_opinions
2019/20 · Auditor-General opinionsExact source evidence

Exact opinion codes and source report links; unqualified alone denotes clean.

Source retrieved 02 Oct 2026 · audit_opinions
2020/21 · Auditor-General opinionsExact source evidence

Exact opinion codes and source report links; unqualified alone denotes clean.

Source retrieved 02 Oct 2026 · audit_opinions
2021/22 · Auditor-General opinionsExact source evidence

Exact opinion codes and source report links; unqualified alone denotes clean.

Source retrieved 02 Oct 2026 · audit_opinions
2022/23 · Auditor-General opinionsExact source evidence

Exact opinion codes and source report links; unqualified alone denotes clean.

Source retrieved 02 Oct 2026 · audit_opinions
2023/24 · Auditor-General opinionsExact source evidence

Exact opinion codes and source report links; unqualified alone denotes clean.

Source retrieved 02 Oct 2026 · audit_opinions
The interpretation matters

Keep the context
beside the curve.

Amounts are nominal rand, with no inflation adjustment.

Revenue and expenditure totals show independently reported observations; the operating balance percentage uses only municipalities with both operands.

Maintenance is 100 × summed repairs / summed reported asset bases for matched municipalities; a non-positive aggregate denominator has no ratio, not the average of percentages. Cash coverage similarly uses matched cash and expenditure.

Missing rows, missing operands and explicit source nulls remain gaps; a reported zero is retained.

Clean audit means exact opinion code unqualified. Emphasis-of-matter and unfamiliar reported opinion codes remain distinct from clean and from missing.

The consistent cohort is the intersection of topic-reporting municipalities across every selected year.

Current geography is applied to national/provincial history. Historical boundary changes may prevent like-for-like comparison. Archived municipalities can be inspected individually.

Verified legacy 2009–2019 mappings and current v2 mappings from 2023 use separate source item codes. The unverified 2020–2022 transition remains a gap. Legacy revenue includes capital transfers while current revenue excludes them; legacy operating balance percentages are withheld pending verified normalisation. These are reported nominal totals, not identical definitions over time.

Money is nominal ZAR. No inflation adjustment or historical financial resilience rating is calculated in this view.

Source retrieved 07 Oct 2026. Retrieval date and financial reporting period are different.

Read the full methodology